International Journal of Applied Economics, Banking and Management
EVALUATION OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING POLICY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF RPJMN AND RPJMD
Evaluation of national development planning policies is a crucial step in ensuring alignment between long-term strategic objectives and development implementation at the regional level. This study examines the relationship between the National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) and the Regional Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMD), two key instruments guiding the development process in Indonesia. The evaluation was conducted by reviewing the principles of policy integration, synchronization, and consistency, while also identifying areas of inconsistency that frequently arise in planning practice. The findings indicate that although conceptually the RPJMN and RPJMD have been designed to be mutually supportive, implementation in the field still faces obstacles, particularly related to regional capacity, cross-sectoral coordination, and limited development data. Furthermore, political dynamics and changing government priorities often affect the effectiveness of policy alignment. This study emphasizes the importance of strengthening data-driven planning systems, increasing collaboration between levels of government, and establishing more measurable monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. Thus, policy evaluation within the RPJMN and RPJMD perspectives serves not only as a monitoring tool but also as a strategic means to improve the quality of national and regional development in a sustainable manner.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Applied Economics, Banking and Management
DIGITAL GOVERNANCE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING 2025: ROADMAP FOR SMART GOVERNANCE
The development planning for Digital Governance 2025 is a strategic initiative aimed at realizing an adaptive, inclusive, and technology-driven smart government. In response to the rapid digital revolution, the government is required to integrate information systems, utilize big data, automate administrative processes, and strengthen cybersecurity frameworks. This roadmap is designed as a comprehensive guideline to ensure that digital transformation proceeds in a structured and sustainable manner, covering the improvement of digital infrastructure, enhancement of civil servant competencies, service standardization, and cross-stakeholder collaboration. Additionally, the development of Digital Governance emphasizes the importance of data interoperability among government institutions to provide faster, more transparent, and more efficient public services. A participatory approach is also prioritized by involving citizens and private-sector partners in service innovation. The 2025 roadmap is expected to serve as a solid foundation for building a modern, secure, and responsive digital government ecosystem that aligns with the evolving needs of society while enhancing national competitiveness in the digital economy. Thus, the development of smart governance is not only a technological shift but also a transformation of bureaucratic culture, processes, and mindsets toward a more open and sustainable government
Digital Governance, Roadmap, Smart Government, Digital Transformation, Public Service
ANALYZING BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES AND BUSINESS PLANNING ASPECTS
The ability to incorporate innovative, creative, and brilliant ideas as well as ideas with high economic and commercial value into a mature and realistic business plan is one of the keys to successfully starting a business. With the existence of business opportunities that we will run. Moreover, if you follow up by writing down these ideas so that they can be shared with others. What plans a business will do in the future includes how to allocate resources, pay attention to important factors, and address problems and opportunities. A business plan generally includes a Summary, Mission Statement, Key Factors, Market Analysis, Production, Management, and Financial Analysis, including Break Event analysis, among others. If we are going to run a business, a business plan is absolutely necessary because it functions as the business equivalent of a map and compass. We can identify our main business goals, prioritize tasks, and estimate cash flow with the help of a plan. Meanwhile, if we have a good business plan, our chances of success will be higher. A good business planning process is more than just a plan. Examples of good business plans are: easy to use (with practical and convenient features); Specific (specific in terms of time, personnel, and budget); Complete (complete with all components) and Realistic (in terms of goals, budget, and time targets)
Business Opportunities And Planning Aspects
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING INTEGRATING SDGS WITH MEDAN CITY'S RPJMD
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) require local governments to integrate sustainable development principles into their RPJMD (Regional Medium-Term Development Plan). As a metropolitan city in Indonesia, Medan plays a strategic role in supporting the achievement of the national SDGs. This study analyzes the integration of SDGs in Medan's RPJMD and identifies challenges and opportunities. The study used a qualitative approach through a literature review, scientific journals on SDG integration in other regions, official Medan City Government documents, and sustainable development reports. Content analysis and literature comparisons assessed the alignment of SDG indicators with RPJMD targets. The results show that Medan's RPJMD adopts most of the SDGs, particularly the social and economic aspects. However, the integration of environmental dimensions and partnerships remains limited, in line with recent efforts such as the 2025-2029 RPJMD, which emphasizes inclusive and sustainable cities. Key challenges include a lack of accurate local data, coordination between regional agencies, and suboptimal monitoring and evaluation mechanisms based on SDG indicators.
digital financial inclusion, economic growth, digital literacy
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING: CHALLENGES IN FUNDING AND REGIONAL IMPLEMENTATION
Infrastructure development plays a crucial role in driving regional economic performance, yet many local governments in Indonesia continue to face significant challenges in its planning, financing, and execution. This study explores the obstacles encountered by regional authorities in preparing infrastructure development plans, especially the mismatch between ambitious planning documents and the real fiscal capacity they possess. Through qualitative analysis supported by an extensive review of literature, this research shows that restricted fiscal space, inadequate inter-agency coordination, limited technical expertise, and heavy reliance on central government transfers remain major barriers. Moreover, alternative financing methods such as Public– Private Partnerships (PPP/KPBU) have not been fully utilized due to insufficient understanding and concerns over financial risks. The study emphasizes the need to enhance regional planning systems, strengthen human resource competencies, adopt long-term development alignment, and maximize innovative funding models. Such efforts are essential to ensure that regional infrastructure development can be implemented more effectively, sustainably, and in line with inclusive development objectives.
“TRANSFORMING LOCAL IDEAS INTO GLOBAL PRODUCTS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR BEGINNER ENTREPRENEURS”
Transforming local ideas into global products is a crucial strategy for entrepreneurship development in the era of globalization and the digital economy. Local ideas, rooted in cultural wisdom, community creativity, and regional resource potential, have significant potential for development into high-value products if managed innovatively and oriented toward the global market. This study aims to analyze the challenges and opportunities faced by emerging entrepreneurs in transforming local ideas into global products. This study employed a qualitative approach, collecting data through interviews, observations, and documentation studies of emerging entrepreneurs. The results indicate that the main challenges include limited global business literacy, low utilization of digital technology, limited access to capital, and a limited understanding of international quality standards and regulations. On the other hand, opportunities for transformation are increasingly open through the development of digital technology, increasing global consumer interest in authentic and sustainable products, and the support of a collaborative entrepreneurial ecosystem. This study concludes that the successful transformation of local ideas into global products is largely determined by the synergy between innovation, strengthening human resource capacity, utilizing digital technology, and sustainable policy support. The findings of this study are expected to provide theoretical contributions to the development of entrepreneurship studies and practical contributions to emerging entrepreneurs and policymakers in formulating strategies for developing local products for the global market.
BUSINESS COMPETITION BETWEEN INDOMARET AND MINIMARKET 212 MART FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SHARIA ECONOMIC LAW
In this study, the problem studied is How is the form of business competition between Indomaret and 212 Mart minimarket? How is the perspective of Islamic economic law? Business competition between Indomaret and 212 Mart minimarket. The purpose of this study is to determine the form of business competition between Indomaret and 212 Mart minimarket and to determine the perspective of Islamic economic law regarding the form of business competition between Indomaret and 212 Mart minimarket. The research methodology used in this study is field research, where the objects of this study are Indomaret and 212 Mart business owners, and consumers who shop at Indomaret and 212 Mart. Data collection techniques consist of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study are that the form of business competition between Indomaret and 212 Mart was not found from business owners who practiced monopoly (Ikhtikar) and unhealthy competition, consumers are more familiar with Indomaret compared to 212 Mart and there are some consumers who complain about less than satisfactory service even some goods whose prices do not match the label and this form of business competition is a form of healthy competition and in accordance with Islamic economic law and some are not in accordance with Islamic economic law, namely business owners do not practice unhealthy competition and some goods whose prices do not match the label and the service is not good.
Business Competition, Monopoly (Ikhtikar), Sharia Economic Law
INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING MODEL FOR POVERTY ERADICATION AND SOCIAL INEQUALITY REDUCTION
Poverty and social inequality remain major challenges to development in Indonesia, especially in regions experiencing economic growth without equitable distribution of prosperity. A development focus that places too much emphasis on economic growth has proven incapable of ensuring fair distribution of benefits. This study aims to formulate an effective inclusive development planning model to alleviate poverty and reduce inequality. Through a literature review of various relevant literature and studies, it was found that inclusive development must integrate economic, social, and environmental dimensions, and be strengthened by social protection, financial inclusion, SME empowerment, and equitable infrastructure. Programs such as PKH have had a positive impact, but have not addressed the root causes of structural poverty. Systemic, participatory, and adaptive planning is needed to achieve more equitable and sustainable development.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING: ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL INTEGRATION STRATEGIES IN INDONESIAN
Indonesia pursues sustainable development by integrating economic growth, social welfare, and environmental protection. The study analyzes implementation strategies through various sources including government studies and reports from 2018 to 2025. Key policies include the National Medium-Term Development Plan and the Sustainable Development Goals. Success factors include strong regulation, innovation support, and public-private engagement. However, significant challenges remain: poor management, corruption, uneven regional development, and the impact of climate change. Effective sustainable development requires multi-stakeholder collaboration, active community participation, and reliable data systems. The study emphasizes that achieving sustainability goals demands a comprehensive cooperative approach that involves government agencies, local communities, and the business sector working together cohesively to balance economic progress with social equality and environmental preservation across Indonesia's diverse regions.
Sustainable Development, Economic-Social-Environmental Integration, Indonesia's SDGs, Development Policy, Green Economy
THE ROLE OF DEVELOPMENT PLANNING IN INCREASING COMPETITIVENESS IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION
This study aims to analyze the strategic role of development planning in enhancing Indonesia's competitiveness in the era of globalization through a literature review. Development planning serves as a coordinative, allocative, and adaptive instrument in synergizing central and regional policies. National competitiveness still faces infrastructure gaps, low innovation, uneven human resource quality, and regulatory complexity. Strategic policies such as infrastructure development, regulatory reform, planning digitization, and the national industry 4.0 transformation program are important steps in strengthening Indonesia's position in the global market. At the regional level, policy innovation, e-planning systems, and the application of sustainability principles support regional competitiveness. Data-driven, integrated, and long-term development planning plays a role in realizing inclusive growth, good governance, and sustainable prosperity.
Competitiveness, Development Planning, Globalization, Regional Policy, Sustainable Development.
THE ROLE OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN PLANNING VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT IN THE DIGITAL AGE
As a result of digital transformation, patterns of community participation in rural areas have undergone significant changes, especially in the development planning process. Through the digitisation of platforms such as e-Musrenbang, village websites, and the Village Management Information System, a new space has been created that is more flexible, inclusive, and transparent for residents to express their aspirations and monitor development progress. This study discusses various forms of community participation in the digital era, how technology integration improves village governance, issues that arise in its implementation, and optimisation strategies that may be applied. Based on the analysis results, digitisation can increase participation, improve budget transparency and accountability, and accelerate the processing of generated data. However, issues such as low digital skills, infrastructure limitations, lack of public trust, and data security risks remain significant challenges. Various strategies, such as technology training, infrastructure improvement, and digital platform development, are needed to ensure that everything runs smoothly.
URBAN PLANNING INNOVATION TO DRIVE THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
Innovation in digital technology-based urban planning is a key strategy for driving digital economic growth in urban Indonesia. Integrating technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and big data into urban planning accelerates public services, manages urban resources, and creates a productive and inclusive digital economy ecosystem. The development of adequate digital infrastructure, digital-based urban planning concepts and strategies, human resource capacity building, and the impact of urban planning innovation on the digital economy and public services are key focuses. Despite facing challenges such as data security and digital system management readiness, digital urban planning innovation is expected to be the foundation for realizing adaptive, inclusive, and sustainable cities in the era of the global digital economy.
CREATIVE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT PLANNING STRATEGY TO IMPROVE REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS
The creative economy has emerged as a significant driver of economic growth globally, contributing between 0.5% to 7.3% of GDP and employing 0.5% to 12.5% of the workforce across various countries. This study aims to analyze strategic planning for creative economy development to enhance regional competitiveness in Indonesia. Using a qualitative descriptive approach with literature review methodology, this research synthesizes secondary data from international reports, academic journals, and government publications from 2020-2025. The findings reveal that successful creative economy development requires an integrated strategy encompassing human capital development, digital transformation, intellectual property protection, and multi-stakeholder collaboration through the Quadruple Helix model. The study identifies key challenges including limited infrastructure, financing access, and human resource quality. Strategic recommendations include strengthening government policies, fostering innovation ecosystems, and leveraging local cultural assets to build competitive advantages. The implications suggest that regional governments should prioritize creative economy development as a pathway to sustainable economic growth and enhanced regional competitiveness.
Analysis of the Creative Economy in Boosting the Regional Economy
The purpose of this study is to examine the role of the creative economy in driving the regional economy. Furthermore, this study provides a conceptual contribution to strengthening regional strategies for creative economy development. The contribution of the creative economy subsector, the role of local governments, and their effects on GRDP and employment are the variables examined. A qualitative-descriptive literature study was used. Secondary data were obtained from relevant agencies , journals, and creativeeconomy reports. The results indicate that the creative economy is crucial for innovation, job creation, and increasing local competitiveness. The results indicate that strengthening policies, digital ecosystems, and access to financing are crucial to driving regional economic growth.
Creative Economy , Regional Economic Growth , Innovation , GRDP , Government Policy
COLLABORATION BETWEEN GOVERNMENT, PRIVATE SECTOR, AND COMMUNITY IN SMART CITY DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
The development of information and communication technology has encouraged various cities in Indonesia to transform towards the concept of smart cities. The success of smart city development is not only determined by technological sophistication, but also by the effectiveness of collaboration between the government, the private sector, and the community. This study aims to examine the forms and roles of multi-stakeholder collaboration in smart city development planning in Indonesia by referring to various national and international literature. The method used is a literature study with a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were obtained from national and international journal articles, books, and policy documents related to smart cities. The results of the study show that smart city planning in Indonesia is still dominated by the role of the government, while the involvement of the private sector and the community is not yet optimal. International literature reinforces the theoretical framework of multi-stakeholder collaboration as the basis for smart city development, while national literature provides a contextual overview of its application in Indonesia. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen collaborative mechanisms, expand public participation, and establish long-term partnerships with the private sector so that smart city development can be more effective, inclusive, and sustainable.
Smart City, Multi-Stackholder collabaration, Government, Private Sector, Community
HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING 2025: EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT INNOVATION IN THE DIGITAL ERA
Human capital development is key to the success of economic and social transformation towards Golden Indonesia 2045. This article theoretically examines the direction of Human Capital development planning for 2025, focusing on educational and employment innovation in the digital era. This research is based on a conceptual approach that integrates classical human capital theory with the dynamics of digitalization and modern learning innovation.Digital transformation has fundamentally changed the structure of education and the world of work. Education is no longer solely oriented toward knowledge transfer, but also toward developing digital competencies, critical thinking skills, and creativity as key assets for facing the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Fifth Industrial Revolution. Through the integration of information and communication technology (ICT), learning has become more adaptive, collaborative, and project-based, thus developing globally competitive human resources.On the other hand, educational innovation must go hand in hand with labor reform. Job market changes driven by automation and artificial intelligence demand sustainable reskilling and upskilling strategies. Investments in higher education, digital vocational training, and partnerships between industry and academia are crucial elements in strengthening the future employment ecosystem.The results of this study indicate that the success of the 2025 Human Capital planning will depend heavily on three main pillars: (1) technology-based educational innovation, (2) strengthening digital skills in the workforce, and(3) cross-sector synergy in human resource development policies. These three aspects are expected to create an education and employment ecosystem that is inclusive, sustainable, and responsive to global change.
NATIONAL ECONOMIC RESILIENCE AND POLICY REFORM IN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING 2026
This study discusses the importance of national economic resilience as the main foundation for facing global dynamics and domestic structural challenges in preparation for the 2026 development planning agenda. The focus is directed toward policy reform aimed at strengthening competitiveness, resource efficiency, and sustainable social welfare. In this context, development planning policy reform is viewed as a strategic instrument to balance economic growth, equity, and fiscal stability. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach by analyzing macroeconomic policies, fiscal instruments, and development programs that support national economic resilience. The findings indicate that synergy among government policies, public participation, and private sector innovation serves as a key factor in reinforcing the nation’s economic foundation. Furthermore, policy realignment is needed to enhance adaptability to global changes, digitalization, and social resilience. Therefore, the 2026 development planning policy reform is expected to strengthen an inclusive, productive, and equitable national economic structure.
DATA BASED DEVELOPMENT PLANNING: BIG DATA INNOVATION AND GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Data-driven development planning is an important paradigm in realizing more accurate and accountable development governance. The development of big data and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provides a great opportunity to improve the effectiveness of planning at the national and regional levels. This study aims to analyze the integration of big data and GIS in strengthening data-driven planning in Indonesia. Using qualitative methods through literature studies, this research examines scientific literature and government policies related to digital planning innovation. The results show that the collaboration between big data and GIS can encourage more adaptive, transparent, and sustainable planning through improved analysis, demand prediction, and spatial visualization. These findings provide theoretical contributions as well as practical recommendations for strengthening technology-based development governance.
THE IMPACT OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 5.0 ON ECONOMIC STRUCTURE
The Industrial Revolution 5.0 marks a new era of global economic transformation by integrating artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things (IoT), and human-centric technologies. This shift not only changes patterns of production and consumption but also reshapes the economic structure through improved efficiency, innovation, and human-machine collaboration. In the macroeconomic context, the Industrial Revolution 5.0 accelerates digitalization across strategic sectors, expands technology-based job opportunities, and fosters the growth of creative and knowledge-based industries. However, this transformation also presents challenges such as digital inequality, shifts in labor patterns, and the need for adaptable human resources capable of mastering emerging technologies. This study aims to analyze the impact of the Industrial Revolution 5.0 on the economic structure by highlighting changes in work paradigms, value-added distribution, and the dynamics of sectoral economic growth. The findings indicate that the adoption of advanced technologies can create a more inclusive, sustainable, and innovative economy when supported by responsive policies and education aligned with the demands of this new era.
HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING 2025 EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT INNOVATION IN THE DIGITAL ERA
Human capital development is key to the success of economic and social transformation towards Golden Indonesia 2045. This article theoretically examines the direction of Human Capital development planning for 2025, focusing on educational and employment innovation in the digital era. This research is based on a conceptual approach that integrates classical human capital theory with the dynamics of digitalization and modern learning innovation.Digital transformation has fundamentally changed the structure of education and the world of work. Education is no longer solely oriented toward knowledge transfer, but also toward developing digital competencies, critical thinking skills, and creativity as key assets for facing the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Fifth Industrial Revolution. Through the integration of information and communication technology (ICT), learning has become more adaptive, collaborative, and project-based, thus developing globally competitive human resources.On the other hand, educational innovation must go hand in hand.The results of this study indicate that the success of the 2025 Human Capital planning will depend heavily on three main pillars: (1) technology-based educational innovation, (2) strengthening digital skills in the workforce, and(3) cross-sector synergy in human resource development policies. These three aspects are expected to create an education and employment ecosystem that is inclusive, sustainable, and responsive to global change.
INTEGRATION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGS) INTO THE 2025-2045 NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN
This study examines the process and challenges of integrating the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into Indonesia's Long-Term Development Plan (RPJPN) 2025-2045. Using a literature review and content analysis approach, the research highlights how the national development vision aligns with sustainability principles and SDG indicators. The findings indicate that although progress has been made in integrating SDGs, major challenges include harmonization of indicators, data availability across regions, and institutional capacity at central and local levels. Strategic recommendations include enhancing local government capacity, improving data quality, strengthening private sector partnerships, and fostering sustainable financing innovations to ensure comprehensive achievement of SDG targets by 2045. Strong political commitment and coordinated efforts among stakeholders are essential for effective integration and sustainable development in Indonesia.
GREEN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING STRATEGY TOWARDS NET ZERO EMISSION 2060 IN INDONESIA
Indonesia has set an ambitious target of achieving net-zero emissions by 2060, as part of its global commitment to maintaining environmental sustainability and national economic resilience. An effective green development strategy requires synchronized policies at all levels of government and cross-sector collaboration between the government, the private sector, academia, and local communities. Furthermore, the energy transition to renewable energy sources must be supported by incentives, green financing mechanisms, and behavioral transformations among the public and businesses. Key challenges include bureaucratic complexity, unequal access to energy in remote areas, high fossil fuel subsidies, and regulatory uncertainty that hinder investment and innovation in low-carbon technologies. Accelerating renewable energy development, regulatory reform, and integrating policies across sectors are key steps to achieving the net-zero emissions target sustainably. With a comprehensive and inclusive approach,As Indonesia strengthens its green economy and environmental sustainability in the future, it has a great opportunity to achieve its goals
CIRCULAR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLANNING TO SUPPORT GREEN INDUSTRY IN INDONESIA
study explores the circular economy as a crucial strategy to promote the growth of environmentally friendly industries in Indonesia. Using a qualitative descriptive methodology (desktop study), it was found that shifting to a circular model, through the 5R principle, is crucial for optimizing resources, reducing waste, and lowering carbon emissions. Implementing this concept increases economic efficiency, creates green jobs, and strengthens national competitiveness. However, its implementation is hampered by inadequate infrastructure, weak policy coordination, and minimal green investment. An integrated strategy involving all stakeholders (government, industry, and community) is needed to strengthen the green industrial system. The circular economy is emphasized as a new economic development paradigm that balances ecology, society, and the economy, essential for Indonesia to achieve a Green Economy and the 2060 Net Zero Emission target.
CIRCULAR ECONOMY POLICY IN THE PLANNING OF ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY CITIES
Circular economy policy has become a strategic approach in developing environmentally friendly, sustainable, and resource-efficient cities. In the context of rapid urbanization, cities face increasing challenges such as high waste generation, intensive energy consumption, and environmental degradation. The circular economy introduces principles of reducing, reusing, and recycling resources to minimize waste and lower ecological impacts. This study aims to analyze how circular economy policies are implemented in urban development planning in Indonesia, particularly in areas such as waste management, green infrastructure design, technological innovation, and community participation. The study also highlights challenges faced by local governments, including the lack of specific regulations, limited funding, and low public awareness. The research method employs a literature review of policy documents, scientific journals, and government reports related to sustainable development. The findings indicate that integrating circular economy principles into city planning can enhance environmental efficiency, promote green economic innovation, and strengthen collaboration between government, private sectors, and communities. Therefore, adopting circular economy policies is essential for accelerating the transformation toward more resilient, sustainable, and environmentally friendly cities
GREEN ECONOMY AS A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN INDONESIA
The approach employed is Systematic Library Research, focusing on a qualitative synthesis of macro policies and empirical findings. The data corpus comprises key national policy documents (e.g., Bappenas/LCDI reports), official government publications, and relevant open-access academic literature spanning the GE policy period (2017–2025). Data analysis involves Systematic Content Analysis and Policy Synthesis to evaluate policy consistency, implementation gaps, and resulting outcomes. The findings indicate that GE is formalized through the Low Carbon Development policy and backed by significant fiscal allocation (averaging 4.1% of the State Budget, with 88.1% supporting green infrastructure ). However, implementation is challenged by a massive climate financing gap (Rp3.799 trillion ) and critical trade-offs in resource-intensive sectors, which often prioritize rapid economic gain over environmental protection. Furthermore, the micro-level effectiveness of green strategies hinges on the adoption of Green Innovation to transform environmental obligations into competitive advantages. The conclusion stresses the urgency of innovative financing and strengthened regulatory governance to ensure an inclusive and effective GE transition.
ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC GAP BETWEEN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS IN INDONESIA
The economic gap between urban and rural areas reflects a complex dynamic in Indonesia, characterized by differences in income, infrastructure access, and economic opportunities between cities and villages. Urbanization acts as a trigger for urban bias, exacerbating the welfare divide by concentrating resources in urban areas, even though economic growth in cities does not automatically reduce overall inequality. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature review approach as the primary basis for analysis to examine how consumption patterns, infrastructure access, economic growth, and public policies interact in the context of regional disparities. Research results indicate that although cities offer broader infrastructure and job opportunities, the benefits of economic growth are still uneven and often insufficient to fully reduce disparities; In rural areas, increased economic growth has the potential to reduce inequality if driven by enhanced productivity, economic diversification, and improved access to infrastructure and public services.
SMART ECONOMY IN URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING OF MEDAN CITY CONCEPTS AND IMPLEMENTATION BY 2026
The rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed urban development, with Smart Economy emerging as a key component of Smart City frameworks. This study explores the concept and implementation of Smart Economy in Medan's urban planning by 2026, emphasizing efficiency, innovation, and entrepreneurial ecosystems via Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Drawing from global and national literature published between 2020 and 2025 it identifies policy strategies, challenges, and opportunities for inclusive growth aligned with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The Methodology involves content analysis of scholarly sources and national reports revealing that success hinges on institutional capacity, data governance, and the targeted reduction of digital disparities. Results highlight multidimensional benefits but underscore risks of inequality if policy focuses solely on technology acquisition. The study proposes the novel Medan-Specific Smart Economy Index (MSEI), a composite metric designed to monitor progress, specifically quantifying equitable benefit distribution to ensure sustainable urban economic transformation. Implications include integrated digital policies that prioritize human capital development and cross-sector collaboration for sustainable urban economies.
DIGITALIZATION OF VILLAGE MUSRENBANG: A PARTICIPATORY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLANNING STRATEGY IN THE 5.0 ERA
The digitalization of the Village Development Planning Forum (Musrenbang Desa) represents a strategic innovation to strengthen participatory governance in the era of Society 5.0. This transformation not only enhances planning efficiency but also expands public participation in a more transparent and inclusive manner. Through the use of digital information systems, the collection of aspirations, prioritization of programs, and monitoring of development can be conducted openly and integratively. Digitalization fosters collaborative leadership and empowers citizens as active agents of development rather than passive beneficiaries. Nevertheless, challenges remain, including limited digital infrastructure, low technological literacy, and the need for sustainable policy support. Therefore, strengthening human resource capacity, improving digital literacy, and fostering cross-sector collaboration are essential to ensure the success of Musrenbang Desa digitalization toward adaptive and equitable participatory economic development.
Keywords: Digitalization, Village Musrenbang , Participatory Development , Village Economy, Society 5.0
INTEGRATION OF LOCAL WISDOM IN VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING BASED ON FOOD SECURITY
This study aims to explore the integration of local wisdom in food security-based village development planning to strengthen food security and sustainability at the village level. The method used is a qualitative literature review with purposive sampling technique of relevant scientific literature, followed by narrative synthesis and thematic analysis. The results show that local wisdom, including traditional agricultural practices, natural resource management, and socio-cultural systems such as mutual cooperation, plays a central role in maintaining food availability, distribution, and sustainability in villages. The integration of local wisdom into village development planning helps create an integrated agricultural system that is adaptive to the challenges of climate change and socio-economic changes, while strengthening the socio-cultural structure of village communities. However, challenges such as lack of public awareness and limited policy support remain obstacles that need to be addressed through education, training, and inclusive policies. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of recognizing, preserving, and innovating based on local wisdom as the foundation for sustainable and independent village development through food security.
CREATIVE ECONOMY–BASED VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING MODEL FOR THE EMPOWERMENT OF MICRO, SMALL, AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMEs)
Village development is one of the main pillars in promoting national economic equality. However, many villages in Indonesia still face challenges in enhancing community economic independence, particularly in developing Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). This study aims to formulate a village development planning model based on the creative economy as a strategy to empower MSMEs to become competitive and sustainable. The approach used is qualitative, employing literature studies, field observations, and in-depth interviews with MSME actors, village officials, and local stakeholders. The research findings indicate that applying creative economy principles in village development planning can create synergy between local potential, product innovation, and the use of digital technology. The proposed model consists of four main components: identifying creative potential based on local resources, strengthening human resource capacity through training and business incubation, cross-sector collaboration between government, private sector, and creative communities, as well as digitalization and online platform-based marketing. The implications of this study show that village development integrated with the creative economy not only increases community income but also strengthens the local economic structure sustainably. Thus, this model is expected to serve as a strategic reference for MSME empowerment policies and rural economic development in Indonesia.